All Christmas tree species, especially early bud-breaking sources.
- Freezing temperatures in the spring when new growth has started to appear
- Browning or wilting of new shoot growth
- Needles with a pale, water-soaked color or brown or red color, depending on degree of damage and species
- Frost-damaged foliage evident within a few days
- Some trees show damage, while others escape injury because of differences in bud break timing.
- Trees that break bud early
- Low areas or frost pockets where cold air collects
- Do corrective pruning, if damage is severe. Even if damage looks severe when it first occurs, most trees are able to recover.
- Remove damaged growth during shearing.
- On frost-prone sites, cull or avoid some species/sources.
